Scientists have found an explanation for the contagiousness of the herpes virus

Finnish researchers have discovered a new mechanism that helps herpes simplex virus type 1 to rapidly multiply in the human body. As it turns out, HSV-1 is capable of changing the physical properties of cell nuclei, making them softer and thereby creating favorable conditions for its own reproduction.

As reported by BAKU.WS, the study was conducted by scientists from the University of Jyväskylä and published in the journal PLOS Pathogens.

Herpes simplex virus is among the most widespread infections: according to experts' estimates, up to two-thirds of the world's population are carriers of HSV-1. In most cases, it manifests as rashes on the lips and skin, but in complicated cases it can affect the organs of vision and the central nervous system. The peculiarity of the virus lies in the fact that it remains in the body for life and periodically enters an active phase.

As part of their work, scientists focused on how DNA viruses that replicate inside the nucleus of a host cell affect its internal structure. Experiments showed that when infected with HSV-1, extensive zones of intensive copying of viral DNA form in the nucleus. This leads to loosening of the internal structure of the nucleus and a noticeable increase in its volume.

Simultaneously, a restructuring of chromatin - the way DNA is packaged - occurs, and the nuclear lamina, which is responsible for the mechanical stability of the nucleus, is also damaged. These changes occur almost immediately after the virus penetrates and directly contribute to accelerating its reproduction. At the same time, the decisive factor turns out to be not the destruction of the nuclear envelope, but the weakening of mechanical pressure on the nucleus from the cell.

According to the authors of the study, such results allow for a deeper understanding of how viral infections are capable of radically restructuring host cells. In the future, this may help in creating new methods of fighting viruses, especially those that pose a threat to people with weakened immune systems.