Named the most dangerous fat for the brain

Obesity has long been considered a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cognitive decline. However, a new study by scientists from Hong Kong has shown that the danger is determined not so much by body mass as by where fat accumulates, reports BAKU.WS with reference to Mail.ru.
Visceral fat - the kind that accumulates around internal organs in the abdominal cavity - poses a particular threat to the brain.
Scientists analyzed data from more than 40,000 people using MRI, functional MRI, and other instrumental methods. They compared the distribution of fat deposits in the body with brain structure features and cognitive abilities of participants.
The results were unequivocal: fat deposits on the arms, legs, and torso are associated with thinning of the cerebral cortex, but visceral fat has the greatest impact, affecting the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for memory, attention, planning, and logical thinking.
Unlike subcutaneous fat, visceral fat is located deep - around the liver, kidneys, pancreas, and intestines. It is an active tissue that releases inflammatory molecules which travel through the bloodstream to the liver, increasing the risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In addition, it is associated with hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and age-related memory impairment.
Scientists also found that excess visceral fat leads to decreased density of axons - nerve fibers that transmit signals between brain cells. This increases the risk of dementia, especially in men.
Traditionally, obesity levels are assessed by body mass index (BMI), but researchers emphasize that this indicator is not always accurate: two people with the same weight may have completely different fat distribution - and different health risks.
According to the authors, it is necessary to introduce new diagnostic methods - for example, using MRI or simpler methods such as measuring waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio.
To reduce visceral fat levels, specialists recommend:
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regularly performing aerobic exercises (walking, swimming, cycling);
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including strength training to boost metabolism;
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limiting sugar and alcohol consumption;
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controlling waist circumference (up to 94 cm for men and up to 80 cm for women).
Experts note that regular physical activity and a balanced diet help gradually reduce the amount of visceral fat and lower risks to brain health.
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