Scientists warned about an unexpected danger of using headphones

Headphones have become a firmly established part of everyday life: many people listen to music, podcasts, and make phone calls for several hours a day. However, experts warn that regular use of such devices can affect not only hearing but also the state of the microflora inside the ear.

As reported by BAKU.WS with reference to The Conversation, most recommendations regarding headphone use concern safe volume levels. According to the World Health Organization, it is advisable to keep the volume no higher than 60% of the device's maximum output to reduce the likelihood of hearing damage. At the same time, experts emphasize that ear health is affected not only by volume but also by the duration of wearing the headset.

Specialists pay particular attention to in-ear models, known as "earbuds" or "ear plugs." They tightly seal the ear canal and can transfer bacteria or contaminant particles from the surface of the earphones themselves onto the skin.

Under normal conditions, the ear canal has its own defense system. It produces earwax and natural oils that maintain skin health and help prevent infections. Small hairs, together with the wax, push out dust, microbes, and dead skin cells, allowing the ear to clean itself naturally.

However, prolonged use of headphones can disrupt this natural balance. Various microorganisms typically inhabit the ear canal — predominantly bacteria, as well as fungi and viruses. Their diversity plays an important role: it helps keep the proliferation of potentially harmful microbes in check.

A study conducted in 2024 showed that people who constantly use hearing aids have lower microbial diversity in the ear canal compared to those who do not wear them. Scientists attribute this to the fact that the ear canal in such users remains blocked for extended periods of time.

In another scientific paper published in 2025, a link was noted between regular headphone use and an increased risk of ear infections. This is especially relevant in situations where multiple people share the same device. According to researchers, in-ear models create a warmer and more humid environment inside the ear canal.

The likelihood of increased moisture is particularly high during physical activity, when a person is actively sweating. Such an environment can promote the development of inflammation and the appearance of ear discharge. Additionally, prolonged wearing of headphones can sometimes impede the natural cleaning of the ear canal by earwax.

Specialists advise periodically giving the ears a rest and removing headphones throughout the day. This allows the ear canal to ventilate and reduces the likelihood of moisture accumulation. It is equally important to regularly clean the devices themselves — they can be gently wiped with a soft cloth or brush with a small amount of soapy solution, after which they must be thoroughly dried.

If symptoms such as itching, redness, or ear discharge appear, doctors recommend temporarily discontinuing the use of in-ear headphones and seeking a consultation with a specialist.