Unexpected factor affecting sleep quality discovered

An international team of researchers led by Professor Lin Lu from the Sixth Hospital of Peking University studied the influence of gut microbiota on sleep regulation. Scientists concluded that gut bacteria actively affect sleep and wake cycles, and disruptions in the microflora can contribute to the development of insomnia, sleep apnea, and other disorders. This was reported by BAKU.WS with reference to the journal Brain Medicine (BM).

As the authors of the work note, gut bacteria interact with the brain through the vagus nerve, immune system, and metabolism. They produce biologically active compounds - for example, short-chain fatty acids, such as butyric acid, which reduce inflammation and improve sleep quality. In addition, some metabolites participate in the synthesis of serotonin and melatonin - hormones that regulate mood and circadian rhythms.

Some types of bacteria, including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, promote the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) - an important inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps the body relax and fall asleep.

The study also showed that chronic insomnia and sleep apnea reduce the diversity of microflora and the number of "beneficial" bacteria. Similar changes are observed in people with disrupted circadian rhythms, for example, those who work night shifts.

Interestingly, similar microbial signatures have also been identified in neurodegenerative diseases accompanied by sleep disturbances, such as Parkinson's disease. This allows researchers to consider the microbiota as a possible marker for early stages of such disorders.

Scientists believe that microflora could become a new target for the treatment of sleep disorders. Clinical trials have already shown that probiotics and prebiotics can improve sleep quality and reduce stress levels. In particular, strains of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium breve improved sleep quality in patients with insomnia.

Additionally, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in small studies has also shown a positive effect on sleep in people with chronic insomnia and comorbid conditions.