# Named vitamins whose deficiency is especially dangerous for the brain

Reduced levels of B vitamins, as well as vitamins D, A, C, E, and K, are associated with faster cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease, and taking them as part of combination therapy may slow brain atrophy in the early stages of the disease. This conclusion was reached by scientists from the Institute of Translational Pharmacology (Italy). The study results were published in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition.

Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, in which neurons are gradually destroyed, leading to deterioration of memory, thinking, and the ability to live independently. To clarify which specific dietary factors are associated with neurodegeneration, researchers analyzed data from previously published clinical and experimental studies.

The authors note that patients with Alzheimer's disease often show reduced levels of both fat-soluble vitamins (A, K) and water-soluble ones - primarily B vitamins and vitamin C. The most convincing data have been obtained for vitamins B6, B9, and B12, which are involved in homocysteine metabolism. Elevated concentrations of this compound are associated with accelerated brain atrophy and cognitive decline. In several studies, two-year supplementation with a combination of these vitamins slowed brain volume reduction in people with mild cognitive impairment.

Promising results have also been obtained for vitamin D, especially in the early stages of the disease, as well as for antioxidants - vitamins C and E. It is suggested that they may reduce oxidative stress and inflammation - processes that play a key role in neuronal damage.

The authors emphasize that the most pronounced effect was observed with combined vitamin intake rather than with the use of a single substance.

"Alzheimer's disease arises from multiple risk factors, so addressing a single deficiency is unlikely to be a universal solution. Nevertheless, nutrition and supplementation may be an important part of a strategy for prevention and slowing of neurodegeneration," the scientists concluded.