Named plant capable of suppressing inflammation in the brain

Scientists have discovered that wild-growing lemon balm extract can reduce the activity of inflammatory genes in brain tissue while simultaneously increasing levels of BDNF protein, which is responsible for neuron survival and maintenance of cognitive functions. The study was conducted on the subspecies Melissa officinalis subsp. altissima.

As reported by BAKU.WS citing Food & Function, the scientific work was carried out by specialists from the University of Aberdeen.

During the analysis of the plant's chemical composition, researchers identified significant concentrations of rosmarinic, chlorogenic, caffeic, and caftaric acids. These compounds are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Terpene components, including germacrene D and β-ocimene, dominated in the plant's essential oil.

Experiments on cellular models showed that the hydroalcoholic extract protects rat hypothalamic neurons from oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide exposure. Studies in mice established that the preparation reduces the expression of TNF-α and NOS-2 genes associated with inflammatory processes, while simultaneously increasing BDNF levels, which plays an important role in neuroplasticity.

Additionally, in a model simulating neurodegenerative changes involving β-amyloid, the extract reduced the expression of IL-6 and acetylcholinesterase - indicators of inflammation and cognitive function impairment.

The authors emphasize that the obtained results pertain to the preclinical stage of research. Nevertheless, they indicate the promise of wild-growing lemon balm as a potential source of functional ingredients for nutraceuticals and products intended to support brain health.