Leech therapy: why the procedure has no place in the 21st century?

Hirudotherapy, or leech therapy, has a centuries-old history. In the past, it was considered a universal method for curing diseases: leeches were used to "purify blood," lower blood pressure, and treat numerous illnesses.

But in the era of high technology and evidence-based medicine, this method is increasingly controversial and criticized by specialists.

Historical Heritage

In antiquity and the Middle Ages, leeches were almost the only means that helped doctors deal with disease symptoms. They were considered a way to remove "bad blood" and restore the body's balance. This practice persisted for centuries and was even used in the 19th century.

What Actually Happens

When a leech bites, it releases substances into human blood that prevent clotting. This can indeed temporarily thin the blood and reduce strain on blood vessels. However, the effect is short-term, and the procedure itself comes with risks.

Health Risks

Using leeches can lead to dangerous complications. Among them:

infections arising from bacteria living in leeches' organisms;

allergic reactions to substances contained in their saliva;

excessive blood loss if the procedure is performed incorrectly;

risk of infection when leeches are used without strict sterility control.

Modern Alternatives

Today, there are proven and safe methods that achieve the same goals for which leeches were once used. For blood thinning, doctors prescribe anticoagulants; for lowering blood pressure - modern medications with proven effectiveness. And for reducing inflammation and improving circulation, physiotherapy and innovative medical technologies are used.

Why Leeches Have No Place in Modern Medicine

The main problem with hirudotherapy is that its effectiveness is not confirmed by large scientific studies. Unlike drugs and medical procedures, this method does not undergo rigorous testing. Moreover, the risks often outweigh the possible benefits.

In the 21st century, medicine is based on evidence and research results, not on traditions and belief. Therefore, leeches remain more an attribute of the past than a relevant healthcare tool.