Scientists have revealed the dark side of the attitude toward cats in Ancient Egypt

Despite the veneration of cats in Ancient Egypt, many of them may have lived in cramped conditions, suffering from infections, malnutrition, and injuries. This conclusion was reached by researchers who studied 131 ancient Egyptian cat skulls from the collection of the Natural History Museum in Vienna (Austria). The results of the study were published in the Journal of Archaeological Science.

The age of the studied remains exceeded two thousand years. Scientists examined them for damage, diseases, and other signs that could indicate the animals' living conditions.

Pathological changes were found in 62% of the cats. The most common findings were dental development abnormalities and gum diseases, but the researchers also identified healed fractures, bite marks, and bone deformities. Some animals were missing teeth, and certain skulls bore traces of serious damage.

"Some of the injuries were likely inflicted by humans. Damage resembling marks from sharp metal objects was found on the bones. Other marks may have resulted from fights between animals," the scientists reported.

According to the authors, the prevalence of diseases and injuries suggests that many cats were kept in cramped conditions, possibly in spaces housing large numbers of animals. This could have contributed to the spread of infections, nutritional deficiencies, and constant stress.

The researchers suggest that some cats were bred specifically for religious rituals and subsequent mummification. In Ancient Egypt, cats were considered sacred animals and were associated with the goddess Bastet. Their mummies were brought to temples as offerings.