Planet with suitable conditions for sustaining life found

Exoplanet K2-18 b, located 120 light-years from Earth in the constellation Leo, has attracted scientists' attention thanks to new data obtained using the James Webb infrared space telescope. The planet, which has a mass more than eight times that of Earth, is located in the habitable zone of its star - a cool dwarf. This makes K2-18 b potentially suitable for the existence of liquid water, a key condition for life.

Discovery of Biomarkers

Analysis of K2-18 b's atmosphere, conducted using the James Webb telescope, revealed the presence of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), a molecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and sulfur atoms. On Earth, this molecule is predominantly produced by phytoplankton in marine environments and is considered a biomarker associated with life processes. However, scientists emphasize that additional observations are necessary for final confirmation of dimethyl sulfide presence.

Additionally, significant concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane were detected in the exoplanet's atmosphere. These gases, along with the possible presence of dimethyl sulfide, indicate that K2-18 b's atmosphere may be favorable for life or even evidence of its existence.

Characteristics of K2-18 b

K2-18 b is classified as a Hycean - a type of exoplanet combining a hydrogen-rich atmosphere and possibly extensive oceans. Such planets represent a relatively new class, different from the well-known super-Earths and mini-Neptunes. The diameter of K2-18 b significantly exceeds Earth's, and its composition may include both rocky and icy components, making it a unique object for study.

Significance of the Discovery

If the presence of dimethyl sulfide is confirmed, K2-18 b will become one of the most likely candidates for the presence of alien life, along with Mars and the icy moons of Jupiter and Saturn, such as Europa and Enceladus. Since the discovery of the first exoplanet in 1995, astronomers have identified thousands of similar objects, many of which belong to the super-Earth or sub-Neptune class. However, K2-18 b stands out due to its characteristics and location in the habitable zone.

Future Research

Scientists plan to continue observations of K2-18 b using the James Webb telescope to confirm the presence of dimethyl sulfide and search for other biomarkers, such as methyl chloride. These studies will help better understand the composition of the exoplanet's atmosphere and its potential suitability for life.

The discovery emphasizes the importance of modern astronomical instruments in studying distant worlds