Scientists have unraveled the mystery of a "switch" in the brain that influences the weight loss process

A group of researchers from the University of Cambridge has discovered why blocking and stimulating the GIP receptor in the brain produce the same result — weight loss. ScienceDaily reports on the findings of the study.

Targeting receptors involved in appetite regulation underlies the mechanism of action of modern drugs against diabetes and obesity. However, there is a paradox with the GIP receptor: some drugs activate it while others block it, yet both approaches demonstrate effectiveness.

To understand this phenomenon, a team led by Dr. Joe Lewis conducted a series of experiments on genetically modified mice in which the GIP receptor was selectively removed from various brain regions.

The specialists found that the end result depends on which specific area of the brain is being targeted. Activation of the GIP receptor in the brainstem led to a reduction in appetite. Blockers work differently: they affect the hypothalamus, removing a certain "brake" that limits the strength of satiety signals from the brainstem.

"Understanding which circuits in the brain respond to these drugs and how exactly they do so could help us develop more effective medications that cause greater weight loss with fewer side effects," said lead study author Joe Lewis.

According to him, such agents could be effective in combination with other anti-obesity drugs.

The researchers also discovered that blocking the GIP receptor can enhance the effect of new drugs targeting the amylin receptor, opening up prospects for creating even more powerful combination treatment regimens.

The data obtained, according to the study authors, confirm the decisive role of the brain in body weight regulation.